Dilatometer
Dilatometer is well known instrument used for thermo mechanical analysis related to expansion/shrinkage. Worldwide several manufacturer and suppliers deal with this type of instrument. However, the cost of dilatometers from established manufactures from abroad is high, whereas the machines developed in India suffer from inaccuracy in measurements and low instrument life. In view of these difficulties in accessing this instrument elsewhere on day-to-day basis, it was necessary to develop the same in the laboratory.
Heating Stage Microscope
A heating microscope is one of the characterization techniques for thermal analysis and to find out the wettability, contact angle, the physical shape of the sample, etc. Very limited manufacturers and suppliers are available worldwide for this type of instrument. However, the cost of the heating microscope from manufactures is high. Local supplier for such instruments are not available, therefore it is necessary to develop the new instrument. The maximum operating temperature and sample size was tunable.
Tape Caster
The Tape caster machine is commonly used for making/casting of a flexible sheets from ceramic or glass-ceramic sheet. The flexible sheets of ceramics were used for multilayer device fabrication process which may be integrated with the LTCC fabrication process. Actually, continuous type of tape caster was available in the lab but, casting width and the required batch size for the single casting is large (in the order of 100 grams). In the initial stage of research work, in order to avoid material loss all researchers prefer, small-batch or small-scale tape caster machines. That’s why to carry out the present work with bare minimum material loss, small batch-scale tape caster was required.
Roll-ball Mill
Roll-ball mill is a type of grinder used to mix, grind, and sometimes for the blending of materials. Different types and sizes of roll-ball mills are available in manual or automatic modes. In our lab, large size roll-ball mill is available which works in manual mode. The use of a roll-ball mill machine is for the preparation of slurry to be used in the tape casting process. Slurry preparation for tape casting required bidirectional milling. In manual mode milling system, bidirectional milling was not possible therefore requirement of such automated roll-ball mills came up. Before finalized the specifications for the new mill, it was needed to study the available roll-ball mill.
Transformers
Single Phase Transformers are used for low-load applications like residential, lighting, and small machinery.
They typically operate on 230V or 110V input, with power ratings from 50 VA to 25 kVA.
Compact, cost-effective, and easy to install, suitable for domestic and small commercial use.
Three Phase Transformers are designed for heavy industrial and commercial power distribution.
They operate on 400V, 11kV, or higher, with power ratings from 5 kVA to several MVA.
Offer higher efficiency, better load balancing, and smoother operation for large equipment.
Both types support 50/60 Hz frequency.
Cooling: Air-cooled (small) or oil-cooled (large).
Windings are copper or aluminum, with laminated or toroidal cores.
Available in step-up, step-down, and isolation types.
Applications include homes, factories, hospitals, and power grids.
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